PAINTER JAILED FOR COMMITTING MASTERPIECESIn Which We Encounter The Mystery Man of Modern Art and Fall Into Another, Deeper Philosophical Abyss"Logic!" cried the frog.
"There is no logic in this!"
- Mr. ArkadinI can live without God.
I can't live without painting.
- Vincent and TheaBut perhaps we began at the wrong point. The true nature of our plot might better begin with another, and more elaborate, Deconstruction.
In August 1968 the Spanish government imprisoned a man on the island of Ibiza for creating a long series of sketches and paintings-beautiful, intensely lyrical works that Art Experts had universally proclaimed as masterpieces.
The imprisonment of this Maker of Masterpieces did not represent censorship in the ordinary erotic or religious sense. Nobody even accused the artist of Political Incorrectness. He got jugged for a technical matter-namely, that he had signed the wrong name to his works ... or several wrong names, in fact. Names like Picasso and Van Gogh and Modigliani and Matisse, for instance.
Not that anybody knew then, or knows now, what name the man
should have signed. Generally, when the case gets recalled at all, people refer to the prisoner of Ibiza as EI Myr or Elmyr de Hory, but neither of those titles have any claim to special eminence among his many aliases. In his long career, the painter had used both of those names, but he had also used Baron Elmyr von Houry, Elmyr Herzog, Louis Cassou, Baron Elmyr Hoffman, Joseph Dory, E. Raynal, Joseph Dory-Boutin and quite a few others-perhaps as many as a hundred pseudonyms, according to Francois Reichenbach, an alleged
Expert on this case.
One trouble with Reichenbach as an
Expert: he admits to buying and selling some of "Elmyr's" forged paintings. Another problem: he later collaborated (with Orson Welles, no less) on a ftlm -
F For Fake - that either exposed "Elmyr" totally or created a whole new set of myths about "Elmyr," depending on which other
Experts you choose to believe.
(Welles himself has said-in the documentary "Orson Welles: A Life in Film," BBC-TV-that "Everything in that movie was a fake." But to post-modernism, all art constitutes fake, or mask, in the Aristotelian sense of an imitation, or counterfeit of something else, and in a new non-Aristotelian sense we will explore as we advance deeper into the murk. We need to think slowly before deciding whether Welles spoke literally or metaphorically in describing
F For Fake as itself a fake.)
Whatever the facts-if we still dare to speak of "facts" in this age of situationism and deconstructionism-we will, as a matter of typographical convenience, hereafter refer to the prisoner of Ibiza as Elmyr without dubious quotes and without any guessing about his last name-if he had a last name, like ordinary humans, and didn't arrive here by spaceship ... "Elmyr" he preferred in his last years, and Elmyr we shall call him. And, for those who don't like to repeatedly see words they can't sound out in their heads, the Hungarian "Myr" rhymes with "deer," and "Elmyr" has the same beat approximately as "cold beer" or "my ear." Just say "cold beer, my ear, shake spear, Elmyr" and you'll have no further sounding problems as you read.
Elmyr served only two months in jail and then the Spanish further expressed displeasure with his chosen profession by expelling him from their country for one year, because he also had a reputation as an flamboyant homosexual, or in pop argot, an aging fairy godmother. But meanwhile, he had told his story to a young American writer, Cliff, who became his official biographer. According to
Fake!, the deliberately outrageous biography concocted together by Cliff and Elmyr, this man of variable names, wobbly gender and multiple styles had committed many more masterpieces than those for which he had gotten jailed.
In fact,
Fake! says Elmyr had painted
over a thousand of the classics of modem art. Every time you walk through a museum and see a Picasso or a Matisse that you particularly like, you should stop and ask, "Now did Picasso or Matisse do that, or did Elmyr do it?"
Sort of changes your whole view of what critics call "the canon," doesn't it?
The canon-a term borrowed from the theologians (which should make us suspicious at once: can we borrow anything of value from a corporation widely suspected for about 200 years now of intellectually bankruptcy?)-designates those works of art and literature which have achieved the rank of Masterpieces. When does a work achieve this canonicity? When the
Experts say it does, of course. But the Elmyr case, far more than Deconstructionist philosophy, indicates that the
Experts do not always know shit from Shinola.
Of course, not everybody believes that Elmyr committed quite as much great art as he gleefully confesses in the biography. Many
Experts claim
Fake! (a title to ponder, and ponder again) engaged in shameless bragging and exaggeration, to make Elmyr seem cleverer than the facts warrant.
Unfortunately, these
Experts had-many of them-authenticated some of the fakes that Elmyr undoubtedly did paint. As Elmyr's co-author, Cliff, says, these
Experts do not want their cover blown-they don't want us to know how often, and how easily, they have gotten duped by Elmyr and other skilled forgers.
According to Cliff,
all Experts operate largely on bluff. Some of the
Experts, however, have counter-attacked by suggesting that this alleged "co-author," Cliff, may himself have functioned even more as a co-conspirator.
And, in fact, the same co-author, Clifford Irving to give him his full name, subsequently became even more famous, and much more infamous, for persuading a New York publisher to give him a $750,000 advance for an
authorized biography of Howard Hughes, i.e., a biography in which Hughes himself would talk, for the record, about all the financial, political, conspiratorial* and sexual scandals in his Faustian career. $750,000 had a value, in 1969, of about $5 million now, but the publishers shelled out happily. Irving had shown them a contract and various notes
in Hughes' own handwriting ...
You see, even though Cliff Irving had already written
Fake!, a textbook on forgery, including charming details on forged signatures as well as counterfeit paintings, he had a boyishly sincere manner and a wickedly scintillating personality. Like all good con-men.
He and Hughes-. had met on a pyramid in Mexico, Irving said with a straight face**. In the dead of night, of course .. . (It would make a wonderful surrealist painting, if Elmyr ever did a Dali: The ambitious young Irving and the rich old lunatic with matted hair and fingernails-
or claws-like Bigfoot ... signing a contract on a pyramid ... under, I presume, a full moon ... )
Handwriting
Experts later testified in court, after Irving's own veracity came under suspicion. They said absolutely that Howard Hughes himself, and nobody else, had written the signature and notes produced by Irving. At this point, alas, many people began to share Irving's (and Elmyr's) low opinion of
Experts, and soon the biography of Hughes got canceled.
Hughes himself speaking over a phone (he never did come out of seclusion ... ) denounced Irving as a fraud; but, of course, some say that the voice emanated from a Virtual Hughes-a double who had impersonated Hughes for years. The Mafia had bumped off the real Hughes, these conspiracy nuts claim, many years earlier. Had Irving faked a meeting with a man already dead and gotten "exposed" by another faker impersonating the dead man?
As Swift proved to Partridge, we cannot decide matters of life and death on mere allegation. But we will deal with that kind of conspiracy later. Right now we only confront the problem of
"the canon" itself as a kind of conspiracy.
We simply do not know the extent to which Elmyr has entered the canon. Maybe 2 per cent of the masterpieces in modern museums emanated from his wizard's brush, as virtually everybody now admits. Maybe the figure (at least for post-impressionism, fauvism and early cubism, Elmyr' s specialties) runs as high as 25 per cent, or 50 per cent. .. An
ouvre of "more than a thousand" paintings might make up something in that percentage range of canonical 20th Century Classics. These implications appear heavily suggested in Irving's
Fake! and even more stressed in the Welles-Reichenbach film ...
Well, then, we must re-examine the canonicity of art as skeptically as the 18th and 19th Centuries re-examined religion. Religious canonicity survived (in the Occident) only as long as the Pope qualified as the world's leading
Expert. When other
Experts arose, with their own cults, religious canonicity became ambiguous and controversial. What happens when the Art
Experts face a similar challenge?
Some Radical Feminist critics have already begun such a "Protestant heresy", and have dumped such Dead White European Males (DWEMs, in fashionable jargon) as Dante, Beethoven, Shakespeare, Michelangelo, etc . and replaced them with a new canon featuring a lot of long-forgotten ladies whose work, frankly, seems dreadfully inferior to me, and to most art critics.
For instance, Susan McClary has found Beethoven's Ninth
Symphony a musical hymn to rape, which will no doubt surprise all those with less androphobic ears, who hear something quite different in it, something of cosmic grandeur. .. Says McClary, "The point of recapitulation in the first movement of the Ninth is one of the most horrifying moments in music ... which finally explodes in the throttling, murderous rage of a rapist. .. " Sounds almost as bad as
The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, doesn't it?
Although I write a lot of satire, I didn't make this up. You can find McClary's analysis in
Minnesota Composers' Forum Newsletter, January 1987. She also doesn't like Western classic music in general, because of its "phallic violence" and "pelvic pounding." I insist I did not invent McClary or any of her ravings. Honest to God. Some Femigogues just happen to sound like satire when you quote them verbatim.
As for the female masterpieces set against old Ludwig, they only
appear inferior, the Feminist revisionists say, because all of us have had our perceptions warped by the "patriarchal brainwashing" of our "phallocentric" culture. ("All of us" includes many female art critics, like Camille Paglia, who angrily claims this argument has crossed the line to an idiot caricature of Feminism)
Maybe we all need a long de-programming at a Feminist reeducation camp. Then we will realize that Hildegarde of Bingen not only outclassed Beethoven but wrote more first-rate music than Mozart, Bach and Scott Joplin together, and without any rape fantasies creeping in.
Third World revisionists have raised similar objections to the canonical centrality of DWEMs. They ask us, not too gently, do we really believe that
all the great art of humanity came out of
one sub-continent, created by
white males only? Hmmm?
Do we trust these revisionists or do we trust our own sensibilities?
After Elmyr, do we dare trust
anybody?
As a famous bard wrote,
He stood in his socks and he wondered, he wondered
He stood in his socks and he wondered
The post-modernists go beyond even the Feminists and the Multi-Culturalists, by casting relativistic doubts, not only on official Canons but on all alleged "eternal truths"-artistic, religious, philosophical, scientific or whatever. Worse yet, some of the
Experts have identified me as a postmodernist. For instance,
Post-Modern Fiction: a Bio-Bibliographical Guide by Larry McCaffrey includes me as leading post-modem novelist, "in the tradition" of Pynchon, Burroughs and Vonnegut. I have to recognize some truth in this accusation, since Pynchon, Burroughs and Vonnegut certainly lead the list of My Favorite Contemporary Writers, and have therefore undoubtedly influenced me. (James Joyce and Orson Welles, my favorite artists of this whole century, look suspiciously like premature postmodernists.). Sociologist Alfonso Montuori also includes me among the post-modernists in his
Evolutionary Competence, although he says I have less gloom and pessimism than other post-modem novelists, a distinction that I feel glad somebody has noticed. Despite that, to the extent that post-modem means "post-dogmatic," I do shamefacedly belong with this unsavory crowd; only to the extent that post-modem has come to mean a new dogma do I part company from them.
At the end of Welles'
F For Fake, after we have suffered prolonged doubt about how many Picassos should get reclassified as Elmyrs, one character cries passionately "
I must believe, at least, that art is real!"-a noble thought with which I might finiish this chapter ...
But this voice of Faith and Tradition belongs to another art forger, one who allegedly faked even more of the canonical Renaissance masterpieces than Elmyr had faked of the canonical Modems. We cannot have faith in this faker's faith ...
(*) Hughes believed that the Rockefeller family had "bought" all the legislators and courts east of the Mississippi and himself bought as many politicians as he could, starting from the West, to "protect" himself. He also gave $1 ,000,000 to Nixon's brother, and Nixon's illegal "plumbers" unit did one break-in for Hughes personally. See Carl Oglesby's _The Yankee and Cowboy War_.
(**) Note that all agents of the IRS, which claims we owe them anywhere from 20 per cent to 80 per cent of all we ever earn (just because we got born here) also manage to keep a straight face.
References:Fake! by Clifford Irving, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1969-for basic Elmyr material.
F For Fake, directed/produced by Orson Welles and Francois Reichenbach, Sati Tehran Films, 1974-for more on Elmyr, the Howard Hughes biography and some Hughes conspiracy theories.
The Yankee and Cowboy War, by Carl Oglesby, Berkeley Medallion Books, 1968-for Hughes/Mafia/Watergate links.
The Gemstone File, edited by Jim Keith, Illuminet Press, 1992-a chrestomathy of Hughes/Mafia conspiracy theories.
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